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Autobahns of Austria
The Austrian autobahns ((ドイツ語:Autobahnen)) are controlled-access highways in Austria. They are officially called ''Bundesstraßen A (Bundesautobahnen)'' under the authority of the Federal Government according to the Austrian Federal Road Act (''Bundesstraßengesetz''),〔(Bundesstraßengesetz 1971 )〕 not to be confused with the former ''Bundesstraßen'' highways maintained by the Austrian states since 2002.
== History ==
Like in Germany, ideas to build up a limited-access road network with grade separated interchanges had been developed already in the 1920s, including a "Nibelungen" highway along the Danube river from Passau to Vienna and further on towards Budapest. Those plans however had never been carried out due to the lasting economic crisis that hit the country after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918, exacerbated by the Great Depression.
The first autobahn in Austria was the West Autobahn from Salzburg to Vienna. Building started immediately after the Austrian Anschluss in 1938 on order of Adolf Hitler as extension of the German ''Reichsautobahn-Strecke 26'' from Munich (the present-day Bundesautobahn 8). However, only including the branch-off of the planned Tauern Autobahn had been finished on 13 September 1941.〔("Beginn des Autobahnbaus in Österreich" )〕 Construction works discontinued the next year due to World War II. After the war delaying resistance by the Soviet occupation forces as well as claims raised by West Germany to the former ''Reichsautobahn'' assets obstructed the resumption until 1954.
Construction started in the US-occupied zone of Salzburg and Upper Austria, partly relying on the pre-war planning, and were extended after the country gained full sovereignty by the 1955 Austrian State Treaty. The first section of the West Autobahn up to Mondsee was opened in 1958, by 1967 the route between Salzburg and Vienna was completed. From 1959 onwards the Süd Autobahn was built to reach the southern state capitals of Graz and Klagenfurt from Vienna. The construction of the Tauern Autobahn was not resumed until 1969. The Inn Valley Autobahn in the western state of Tyrol was built from 1968 onwards, up to today it is not directly connected to the main Austrian autobahn network, as via motorway drivers have to use the German autobahns BAB 8 and 93 along the ''Deutsches Eck'' link.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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